A note about how economic and cultural trends will force big organizations to revamp their institutional DNA to succeed in the marketplace. In short, big institutions will “wake up” from their morass when enough people (e.g. managers, employees, customers, fans) start using metrics and making decisions that incent real value creation.

John Hagel III, John Seely Brown (JSB), and Lang Davison, Why We Need Big Organizations:

… our 2009 Shift Index (PDF) found that only about 20 percent of today’s workers are “passionate” about their jobs–defined as loving what they do and working for more than just a paycheck. The Index also found that the most passionate workers were least likely to work for a big corporation.

Which raises a disquieting thought: will big corporations soon be filled only with people too timid to work on their own–the bureaucrats, the clock-watchers, and the resolutely non-talented? Will corporations slowly crumble under their own weight as inertia overwhelms their ability to respond to external events, and their talented people flee to become independent agents?

On the contrary, we believe big institutions will become more relevant than ever–once they focus not just on efficiency but on providing platforms for individuals to systematically experiment, learn, and innovate. As scalable learning replaces scalable efficiency big institutions will become more appealing to talented individuals. In fact, we believe they will become an irresistible magnet for passionate people seeking to amplify their individual efforts to develop faster.

… this assumes a dramatic transformation in the institutions that we have today, from institutions that flourish by suppressing individuality to ones where individuality must flourish in order for the institution to do the same. This will not happen overnight. But companies will eventually awake to the opportunity–indeed the imperative–this transition represents. Long-term competitive pressures ensure that the old guard institutions will wither and eventually die if they don’t.

From this perspective, we believe the current flight of passionate and talented people from institutional confines represents a transitional event rather than a permanent shift to a “free agent nation” or “e-lance economy.” People are fleeing today because our current generation of institutions undermines talent development in the name of efficiency. As a new generation of institutions emerges the current flight from institutions will reverse.

My comment:

The opportunity for large organizations to develop and support large-scale trusted relationships is missed by most, lost in the mire of company politics, exhausted by the tremendous effort spent allocating internal resources for internal gain instead of leveraging internal resources for external and internal gain.

Why do people still work for large organizations? At the moment, people are still willing to deal with the downsides in order to get the chance to leverage the big black box of the company to have an impact (internally and externally) at a scale still far larger [than] many next-gen organizations (or at least, difficult right now).

And that’s why the thoughts around organizational structures and the Big Shift are so important, because it recognizes that trendlines shift, economics change, and that the emergence of next-gen businesses and networks is part of the competitive pressure that will force organizations to adapt.

I agree with the trends and the destination (or, put more accurately, the next stop on the development process of economic organizations), the why and the where; the truly interesting part is the how.

How do companies wake up? People wake up. Will this awakening come from a recognition of loss, or will it come from a groundswell from the bottom of the organization? Or, perhaps, does it come from the middle layers, the layers of people with the depth of knowledge to recognize the limitations of their firms’ structures and the ability to do something about it? Will this happen as Generation Y hits middle management? Will companies study the variety of lessons from “next-gen” organizations like Threadless, Zappos, Netflix et. al. (all “next-gen” for different reasons) [and change]?

How many people have to wake up in a company for a company to change? Where in an organization do people have to wake up? How do these “enlightened” folks connect with like minds throughout an organization, across departments and across silos, to build the critical mass for a company to wake up?

And, coming back to the notion of impact and scale: many traditional large companies measure impact using different metrics than “next-gen” organizations: how will traditional organizations develop the meaningful metrics around their impact (depth and breadth, on the market and individual), co-opting the “social impact” metrics et. al. of next-gen organizations, in order to justify, measure and refine their strategies?

Perhaps large companies just need to figure out how to measure their impact a bit better to show them how to change; perhaps part of “how people wake up” is new metrics and methods of measuring their impact that incent them to wake up and change.

Obviously, the Shift Index is a big step towards creating the metrics necessary to shake people and companies awake.

Highly Related

  • Jeremy Heigh, What changes when we get more makers?
  • Continuing with the thought, expanding on conversations with Bauley and Vermut and channeling past writings from Haque, Hagel, Brown and Davison over the past year about economic structures, a note of mine from May 30th, Five cultural and technological frames shaping new business opportunities:

    Entrepreneurship may be the sexy thing getting all the attention today, but the fundamental, underlying question is really about how people will organize themselves to create economic value.

    Vertical integration and horizontal integration may have fallen by the wayside, replaced by circles of small organizations, but the underlying economics shaping these organizational strategies aren’t set in stone. Current innovation strategies are based on creating modularized value chains using widely-available data to foster decentralized innovation – microbusinesses aimed at microinteractions – but we will reach a limit in how small each unit of the value chain can be divided until we develop more efficient methods for collaboration, compensation, incentive structuring and legal organization.

    Under-innovation will drive many large firms out of business, but that’s the point: from creative destruction comes creative reconstruction, and the survivors (large and small) will be the ones that find ways to re-orient their internal structures to take advantage of new technological and cultural realities.

    … To think that large companies will fail to adapt is folly; all companies exist in a marketplace for talent, capital and the valuable factors of production, and as the economics behind scale and scope shift, corporate collaboration and integration strategies will change. In short, “small” may be winning right now, but there’s no reason that “large” can’t catch up.

Hello, I'm Taylor Davidson.
I'm an early-stage VC and a photographer. If you liked this post, please subscribe to this blog. For more like this, check out the archives, and follow me on Twitter @tdavidson.
  • http://www.siftstar.com Jeremy Heigh

    The lessons of Zappos et al. for big corporations sounds like fun work. Surely that's being done. If it isn't, we should.

    The advantage of big, at least for me, was the opportunity to specialize (in general ways). I got to learn how to co-ordinate large groups of professionals, communicate large pools of complex information, and focus on specific bits that were of sufficient size only because the organization was big. These were good things. They enabled good things.

    Your point on politics and turf-oriented-advantage-seeking is a major sink hole. It's the right place to focus some attention. But I wonder, are there enough incentives on the Zappos/Threadless side to pull the large-corp types over into a new space of collaboration/openness?

    I wonder what difference being a “maker” at Threadless makes, when compared to being a “drone” at “Major Corp”? What is inspired? What is sufficient enough to drop the regular weapons of corporate warfare? What is rich enough (in ways beyond salary)? And, of these things, which can be brought inside by a change at “Major Corp”?

    And, thanks for the nod.

  • http://www.hellodelight.com matthewbward

    I have more doubts about the future of big companies. There will certainly always be places where they are required due to scale (eg oil refineries, utilities, auto) but I think the big companies that are really lots of small networks (eg McKinsey, IBM, Target, Starbucks) will have a difficult time continuing on. Largely, I think this is because our new economy will have different consumption requirements. We will value localization and reinvestment above the efficiencies offered by larger companies. There are innovations happening today such as the Freelancers Union in NYC that are finding ways to provide the organization and scale advantages offered by today's large institutions. I expect to see more growth in this area.

  • http://www.taylordavidson.com/writing/ Taylor Davidson

    Let's remember this is not a binary debate; different balances between large, small and in-between structures will emerge in particular kinds of industries, products, services, etc.

    The truly interestıng part is 1) to understand how the balance of structures will emerge through the response cycles of business and culture and 2) to determine which structures will create competitive advantages in what industries. The how and the why is far more interesting than the what.

  • http://www.hellodelight.com matthewbward

    The How and the Why are certainly interesting, but in my opinion, I think we sort of know. I expect there to be a scattering of the large companies that are only loosely-coupled networks into smaller, purpose-specific firms. This will happen because the smaller, more nimble companies will be better aligned with the vision and goals for the individuals. You can see this happening in Pharma and Tech on a pretty large scale right now. I think this is a large part of Hagel's Big Shift theory too. Those smaller companies should possess unique capabilities and resources and laser-focus, resulting in their competitive advantage.

    The side effect of this occurrence is most interesting to me. I think that represents the When question. By that, I don't mean when will this start happening or reach its peak. I mean When was an innovation/idea conceived, by someone else, that I can pick up and run with now. I've been thinking a lot about secondary markets for ideas and this may be part of the catalyst for it. At some point, there will need to be brokers/aggregators of ideas to link up disparate bits of knowledge, I'd expect. Maybe this is a tool or maybe this is the semantic web. I don't know.

  • http://www.taylordavidson.com/writing/ Taylor Davidson

    Perhaps in general, we know: but by no means do we know what tactics behind the how of collaboration will be the most successful in the future. One very large opportunity is for large companies to learn how to be nimble, and that's an area where the “how” is still very much a question.

    Agreed, nothing behind the Big Shift presupposes that large companies will win, only that they will adapt and thrive in some industries and functions.

    Secondary markets for ideas: safe to assume you've seen Y-Combinator's new RFS “request for startups”, a sign of making a market in matching entrepreneurs with ideas? It's not a new idea (university tech transfer and large company research / IP licensing teams have each been doing this basic function for years), but there are many, many entreprenuer networks that basically accomplish the same function; but most middleman in this market find it difficult to efficiently earn compensation for their value-add. Automating this data exchange with inexpensive context and “relevance-add” will be an area of innovation in the future. I'm confident of that.

  • http://www.taylordavidson.com/writing/ Taylor Davidson

    That sounds like tremendously fun work. Consider this comment an announcement that I'd be happy to help translate the lessons from “next-gen” firms for larger organizations. Or at least to help “wake up” some companies by helping provide an outsider's voice of reason, one that can be leveraged and easily discarded in the political wranglings of big companies.

    Great question: “are there enough incentives on the Zappos/Threadless side to pull the large-corp types over into a new space of collaboration/openness?”

    By no means do I assume that a “maker” at a small company is better, more valuable or more meaningful than being a “drone” at a large company, in and of itself. The meaning comes from what we do with that position and opportunity. I believe you feel the same way?

    I believe the incentives will come, over time, when collaboration / openness is a profitable business strategy; meaning, when the market fairly compensates the activity and product (i.e. returns on investment of time, money and passion). Is that the case right now? No. Will it come? I hope. Does it make sense for large companies to kill their cash cows immediately? No. Does it make sense to test those strategies now so that they can adapt? For most companies, yes.

  • http://www.taylordavidson.com/writing/ Taylor Davidson

    Perhaps in general, we know: but by no means do we know what tactics behind the how of collaboration will be the most successful in the future. One very large opportunity is for large companies to learn how to be nimble, and that’s an area where the “how” is still very much a question.rnrnAgreed, nothing behind the Big Shift presupposes that large companies will win, only that they will adapt and thrive in some industries and functions.rnrnSecondary markets for ideas: safe to assume you’ve seen Y-Combinator’s new RFS “request for startups”, a sign of making a market in matching entrepreneurs with ideas? It’s not a new idea (university tech transfer and large company research / IP licensing teams have each been doing this basic function for years), but there are many, many entreprenuer networks that basically accomplish the same function; but most middleman in this market find it difficult to efficiently earn compensation for their value-add. Automating this data exchange with inexpensive context and “relevance-add” will be an area of innovation in the future. I’m confident of that.

  • http://www.taylordavidson.com/writing/ Taylor Davidson

    That sounds like tremendously fun work. Consider this comment an announcement that I’d be happy to help translate the lessons from “next-gen” firms for larger organizations. Or at least to help “wake up” some companies by helping provide an outsider’s voice of reason, one that can be leveraged and easily discarded in the political wranglings of big companies.rnrnGreat question: “are there enough incentives on the Zappos/Threadless side to pull the large-corp types over into a new space of collaboration/openness?”rnrnBy no means do I assume that a “maker” at a small company is better, more valuable or more meaningful than being a “drone” at a large company, in and of itself. The meaning comes from what we do with that position and opportunity. I believe you feel the same way?rnrnI believe the incentives will come, over time, when collaboration / openness is a profitable business strategy; meaning, when the market fairly compensates the activity and product (i.e. returns on investment of time, money and passion). Is that the case right now? No. Will it come? I hope. Does it make sense for large companies to kill their cash cows immediately? No. Does it make sense to test those strategies now so that they can adapt? For most companies, yes.

  • http://www.taylordavidson.com/writing/2010/05/28/do-you-push-or-pull/ Do you Push or Pull? | Taylor Davidson (@tdavidson)

    [...] The Power of Pull is a summation of their research and analysis, the latest step in their explorations of the edge. The key: “pull” is a concept that applies to every part of a business. It’s reshaping operations, communications, marketing, PR, customer service, finance, management; it impacts all silos in ways that upends business models and forces organizations to innovate or die. [...]

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